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The white-shouldered fairywren (''Malurus alboscapulatus'') is a species of bird in the family Maluridae. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It was first described by the German naturalist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1874. Its species name is derived from the Latin words ''albus'' "white" and ''scapulae'' "shoulder-blades". Within Maluridae, it is one of 12 species in the genus, ''Malurus''. It is most closely related to a pair of Australian species, the red-backed and white-winged fairywrens, with which it makes up a phylogenetic clade.〔Christidis L, Schodde R. 1997, "Relationships within the Australo-Papuan Fairywrens (Aves: Malurinae): an evaluation of the utility of allozyme data". ''Australian Journal of Zoology'', 45 (2): 113–129.〕 Termed the ''bicoloured wrens'' by ornithologist Richard Schodde, these three species are notable for their lack of head patterns and ear tufts and their uniform black or blue plumage with contrasting shoulder or wing colour; they replace each other geographically across northern Australia and New Guinea.〔Schodde (1982), p. 31〕 Six geographically isolated subspecies are recognised, found across the island of New Guinea. They are differentiated by the differences in female plumage, the males of all six are indistinguishable.〔Rowley & Russell, p. 185.〕 The nominate subspecies is found on the Bird's Head Peninsula to the far west of the island, subspecies ''aida'' is found in northeastern Irian Jaya, subspecies ''lorentzi'' is found in southern Irian Jaya and the TransFly region of southwestern Papua New Guinea, subspecies ''naimii'' is found in central-northern Papua New Guinea, subspecies ''kutubu'' restricted to the highlands, and subspecies ''moretoni'' in the far east of the island.〔Rowley & Russell, p. 188.〕 The adult male is all shiny black but for a white shoulders (scapulars) – unlike the better-known Australian fairywrens there is no eclipse male plumage.〔Rowley & Russell, p. 186.〕 The tail is shorter than other fairywrens. The bill is black, and the feet and eyes are black or dark brown.〔 The female of subspecies ''alboscapulatus'' and ''naimii'' bears a pied plumage, with black upperparts, white shoulders and underparts. The preferred habitats are lowland cleared areas; grassland, village gardens, and cane-grass.〔Rowley & Russell, p. 187.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White-shouldered fairywren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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